Located in the heart of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz Island welcomes visitors at one of America’s most storied landmarks. Known for its former military and infamous prison history, the island features restored buildings, native gardens, and panoramic views of the bay. Plug into your audio guide as you explore cellhouses, learn about the Native American occupation, and enjoy a self-guided experience rich in history and natural surroundings.

Quick facts

  • Official name: Alcatraz Island
  • Location/ area: Located 1.25 miles offshore from San Francisco, California, in the middle of San Francisco Bay.
  • Size: Approximately 22 acres
  • Altitude, terrain type, climate: Elevation ranges from sea level to 135 feet. The island has steep terrain, exposed rock, and coastal vegetation with a cool, foggy maritime climate.
  • Major areas/sections: Main Cellhouse, Lighthouse, New Industries Building, Guardhouse, Dock Area, Gardens, and historic ruins from the military and prison eras.
  • Age: Established as a U.S. military fort in the 1850s
  • No. of visitors per year: Over 1.5 million
  • UNESCO World Heritage Site: Listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1976
  • Access: Only by ferry

What to see on Alcatraz Island?

The Cellhouse

Location: Top of the island

This is the main draw of any visit. Once the heart of the prison, the Cellhouse still holds rows of tiny cells, metal doors, and narrow walkways. The award-winning audio guide leads you through the block, sharing stories of escape attempts, lockdowns, and daily life inside. The voices of former inmates and guards make it feel personal and real.

Ruins of the Warden's house on Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay.

How it came about: History of Alcatraz

Alcatraz has worn many hats. Originally used by the U.S. Army in the mid-1800s as a military fortress and detention center, it became a federal prison in 1934. Designed to hold the most dangerous criminals, it operated until 1963 and housed well-known names like Al Capone and George “Machine Gun” Kelly. In 1969, Native American activists occupied the island in a historic protest that lasted 19 months, leaving a legacy that’s still visible in graffiti and guided programming today.

Read its complete history, with detailed timelines here.

Flora, fauna & biodiversity

Seabird sanctuary

Alcatraz is an important nesting site for several seabird species, including western gulls, cormorants, black-crowned night herons, and pigeon guillemots. Spring and early summer are peak nesting seasons, filling the island with bird calls and flight activity.

Historic gardens & native plants

Once abandoned, the island’s gardens have since been restored with a mix of historic ornamentals and native coastal species like the seaside daisy and California poppy. Seasonal blooms add bursts of color from March through June.

Tidepools & marine life

Alcatraz’s rocky shoreline supports tidepools teeming with sea stars, anemones, crabs, and mussels, visible at low tide. The surrounding waters are also home to harbor seals and fish species.

Tips for visiting Alcatraz responsibly

  • Stay on marked paths and avoid restricted areas to protect nesting seabirds and fragile native plants.
  • Carry reusable water bottles and avoid bringing single-use plastics; waste bins are limited.
  • Keep a respectful distance from birds, especially during nesting season (spring to early summer).
  • Pack out what you pack in. There are no trash cans on most parts of the island.
  • Help preserve Alcatraz’s natural and historic features by not disturbing wildlife, plants, or buildings.

Frequently asked questions about Alcatraz tours

Who were the most famous inmates at Alcatraz?

Alcatraz held some of America’s most notorious criminals. Al Capone, George “Machine Gun” Kelly, and Robert Stroud—known as the “Birdman of Alcatraz”—were among the high-profile inmates. Each brought national attention to the prison during their time there.

How many escapes were attempted from the prison?

There were 14 known escape attempts involving 36 inmates. Most were caught or killed, but in 1962, three men—Frank Morris and the Anglin brothers—vanished without a trace. Their fate remains unknown, fueling decades of speculation.

Why was the island chosen for a prison?

Alcatraz’s isolation made it ideal. Surrounded by cold, fast-moving currents, it was believed to be escape-proof. Before it became a federal prison in 1934, it served as a military fort and detention center.

Can you go inside the prison cells?

Yes. You can walk through actual cell blocks, including solitary confinement units. The audio guide takes you into the heart of the Cellhouse, where you'll see how inmates lived—and sometimes, tried to escape.

Can you meet any of the former inmates or guards on your visit?

Not usually. While former inmates and guards have returned for talks in the past, these events are rare. Most personal stories are now shared through the audio tour and exhibit materials curated by the National Park Service.

Why did the Native Americans occupy Alcatraz?

In 1969, Native American activists occupied Alcatraz to protest federal policies and demand land rights. The 19-month occupation became a landmark event in Indigenous activism. Graffiti and signs from that protest are still visible today.

How much walking is involved on the tour?

Expect moderate walking and an uphill climb. The path from the dock to the Cellhouse rises about 13 stories. A free mobility tram is available for visitors who need assistance.

What is Alcatraz Island used for today?

Today, Alcatraz is a protected site managed by the National Park Service. It serves as a museum and historical landmark, preserving both the prison era and the island’s layered history, from military use to Native activism and beyond.

Are there any paranormal stories associated with Alcatraz Island?

Yes. Over the years, visitors and former staff have reported strange sounds, unexplained cold spots, and eerie sensations—especially in the Cellhouse. While nothing is officially confirmed, Alcatraz’s haunting past makes it a hotspot for ghost stories.

Beyond Alcatraz

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Photos of Alcatraz Island

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